|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.400 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Abbreviations: AC: adenylyl cyclase; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; βAR: β-adrenergic receptor; CA: catecholamine; cAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphate; cGMP: cyclic guanosine monophosphate; DPP-4: dipeptidyl peptidase-4; ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GC: guanylyl cyclase; GH: growth hormone; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide-1; GLUT: glucose transporter; HSL: hormone-sensitive lipase; IR: insulin receptor; IRS: insulin receptor substrate; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MEK: MAPK/ERK kinase; MG: maltase-glucoamylase; NP: natriuretic peptide; NPR: natriuretic peptide receptor; mTORC2: mechanistic target of rapamycin complex-2; PC: proanthocyanidin; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PKA: cAMP-dependent protein kinase; PKB (AKT): protein kinase B; PKG: cGMP-dependent protein kinase; PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ; SGLT1: sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1; SI: sucrase-isomaltase; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; TNFα: tumor necrosis factor-α.
|
30773997 |
2019 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.400 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) offer substantial benefits for the management of glucose levels in type 2 diabetes.
|
28431667 |
2017 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.400 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
BG = blood glucose; CG = conventional glycemic control; ENT = enteral nutrition therapy; GIP = glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide; GLP-1 = glucagon-like peptide 1; IG = intensive glycemic control; IV = intravenous; NPH = neutral protamine Hagedorn; PNT = parenteral nutrition therapy; SQ = subcutaneous; T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus; TDD = total daily dose; TPN = total parenteral nutrition.
|
30035626 |
2018 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.400 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Fasting hyperglucagonemia as seen in T2D may therefore represent impaired hepatic glucagon action with increasing amino acids levels.
|
28971838 |
2018 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.400 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
During the progression of T2DM, glucagon remained consistently elevated, while insulin initially increased in compensation but then dropped to below normal levels when the monkeys developed overt T2DM.
|
30575251 |
2019 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.400 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
We found a significant increase in serum total GIP and a significant decrease of GLP-1 levels in T2DM patients.
|
28744963 |
2017 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.400 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
The glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 agonist liraglutide can reduce blood glucose levels in individuals with T2DM.
|
29374854 |
2018 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.400 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Over the past decade, GLP-1 has emerged not only as an essential component of the system that regulates blood glucose levels but also as a viable therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
|
21647189 |
2011 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.400 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Plasma levels of the endogenous GLP-1 metabolite increased during a meal challenge in patients with type 2 diabetes, and treatment with a DPP-4 inhibitor fully blocked its formation.
|
28420649 |
2017 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.400 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin peptide that plays a crucial role in lowering blood glucose levels and holds promise for treating type II diabetes.
|
30023916 |
2018 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.400 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Previously, we demonstrate that FXR inhibits GLP-1 secretion via interacting with CREB to inhibit the transcriptional activity of CREB, thus promoting the development of type II diabetes.
|
31387746 |
2019 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.400 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
However, GIP stimulates glucagon secretion even at hyperglycemia in people with T2D, suggesting that inappropriate GIPR activity in α-cells contributes to the pathogenesis of T2D.
|
31785304 |
2020 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.400 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Therefore, DPP-4 inhibition is employed as a therapeutic avenue to increase GLP-1 levels in the management of T2D.
|
27699599 |
2017 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.400 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Since we observed that the well-known hyperglucagonaemic response to oral glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes is exchanged by normal suppression of plasma glucagon levels following isoglycaemic intravenous glucose administration in these patients, we have been focusing on the gut and gut-derived factors as potential mediators of diabetic hyperglucagonaemia.
|
29678923 |
2018 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.400 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Exocytosis of the hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) by the intestinal L cell is essential for the incretin effect after nutrient ingestion and is critical for the actions of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors that enhance GLP-1 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.
|
28596237 |
2017 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.400 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
The serum GLP-1 level increased more in the vildagliptin-treated group than in the T2D group.
|
29036231 |
2017 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.400 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
We provide new target genes with altered DNA methylation and expression in human T2D islets that contribute to perturbed insulin and glucagon secretion.
|
24603685 |
2014 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.400 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
The number of clinical studies is limited, but show i) that genetic variation in the GLP-1 receptor gene is associated with alcohol addiction as well as increased alcohol infusion in humans, ii) that plasma levels of GLP-1 are associated with the subjective experience of cocaine and iii) that a GLP-1 receptor agonist reduces alcohol intake in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus.
|
29337226 |
2018 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.400 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
The utility and potential of our approach was demonstrated by the efficient control of the blood glucose level in type-2 diabetes mouse models using the HSA-specific protein binder-fused GLP-1 over a prolonged time period.
|
31654685 |
2019 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.400 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Eight weeks after liraglutide or human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell administration, FPG, HbA<sub>1c</sub> , glucagon, body weight, and pancreatic ASK1, JNK, and BAX mRNA and proteins were significantly decreased, and the levels of serum C-p, INS and GLP-1, ratio of insulin positive area, and Bcl-2 expression were significantly increased in three treatment groups compared with T2DM group (P<.05).
|
31411368 |
2020 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.400 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Consequently, clinical trials are underway using drugs which block glucagon activity to treat type 2 diabetes.
|
29412829 |
2018 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.400 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Moreover, these modified nanoparticles demonstrated high levels of GLP-1 expression for more than 24 h in the liver, lungs, and intestine in a T2D murine model after a single dose, as well as controlled blood glucose levels within a normal range for at least 18 h with repeatable therapeutic effects upon multiple dosages.
|
31348859 |
2019 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.400 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
Although it is known that the islet expression of glucagon receptors is increased in type 2 diabetes, its implication for beta-cell function is not known.
|
25301258 |
2014 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.400 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
In conclusions, canagliflozin-administration before meals decreased PG and serum insulin, and increased plasma active GLP-1 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.
|
28824041 |
2017 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
|
0.400 |
AlteredExpression
|
disease |
BEFREE |
However, regulation of glucagon secretion by α-cells is impaired in type-1 and type-2 diabetes through pancreatic islet dysfunction.
|
31829209 |
2019 |